The windowsill, without the correct weather seal or proper maintenance, will become damp, start to rot and in serious cases, compromise the integrity of the frame.
I strip back the affected areas to the dry sound timber, and treat it with resin. Another option is splice in new hardwood and seal all cracks and joints to ensure that your window is back to a stable, weather-proof condition for the foreseeable future. In serious cases, I will install entirely new sills and lower box.
In addition to the timber becoming wet and rotten, the wall beneath will also often begin to soften, sag and crumble. This may look like swollen wallpaper, yellow or brown water mark stains (water ingress). These are issues which will also be dealt with when I replace the rotten sill, along with repairing plaster on the walls with a paint finish.